In this paper some topological transformations are designed for simplifying certain problems involved in mechanics of structures. For each case, the main problem is stated and the proposed topological transformation is established. Once the required topological analysis is completed. a back transformation results the solution for the main problem. EXPEDIENT transformations studied here employ (1) models drawn on a plane. (2) models embedded into higher dimensional spaces.(3) interchange models defined which have more simple connectivity properties than the corresponding original structural model.

EXPEDIENT should include two traits: connection to Shariah objects and cover this and the next word. Whatever reach human to prosperity is his EXPEDIENT. Prosperity is super enjoyment, stability and being away from pain and sorrow in life which include this and the next word. EXPEDIENTs classifies in three groups: superior, medial and operational. Disturbance to prosecute EXPEDIENTs arises in three aspects: disturbance in expressing the economic system EXPEDIENTs of Islam, the disturbance of economic system EXPEDIENTs with other Islamic systems, the disturbance of individual EXPEDIENTs with economic system. In the first and the third option determining the most important is according to achieve super EXPEDIENTs. In the second option it is the case if each SOCIAL subsystem conducts us to the higher purpose of an Islamic system. Distinguishing EXPEDIENTs in individual rules is only possible through juristic principles. Valliye Faqih recognizes SOCIAL behavior and relation examples through SOCIAL decisions. He will discover the rule in inference sources and compare them with considered matter and if he found any disturbance between individual and SOCIAL rules he would select the most important one in contrast with the others.Finally Valliye Faqih consults with experts and skillful consultants to act certainly in favor of society EXPEDIENTs and to achieve to the purposes of economic system in Islam. Applying preponderant probability is a method that deriving from rational methods like: analogy and juristic preference when it is impossible to take a confidence result.

The synthesis of novel coumarin-based sulfonamides was accomplished in good yields via InCl3-catalyzed three-component condensation of N-(2-formylphenyl)-N-methylbenzene sulfonamides, 4-hydroxycoumarin and cyclic secondary amines in toluene.

The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with SOCIAL progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and SOCIAL analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of SOCIAL capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of SOCIAL progress? How do moral actions generate SOCIAL capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of SOCIAL interactions have been SOCIALly studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with SOCIAL supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of SOCIAL interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of SOCIAL capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral and SOCIAL effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals and SOCIAL capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of SOCIAL justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals

A simple approach for component reaction between aldehydes, anilines or ammonium acetate, and dimedone in ethanol as a solvent is studied using Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles. This approach results for the synthesis of various decahydroacridines in appropriate yields (80-94%). The use of Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst lets a clean procedure.

Under Art. 99 of Constitional Law, The supervision on election is construed a duty of the Guardian Council (Shoraye Negahban). In order to prevent the influence of executors and to guarantee a safe efection, it is obvious that there should be some sort of supervision. The first condition to reach this aim is that the members of the Guardian council should not have an effective relationship to political factions and groups,and the rule of prohibition of membership in the Council with the other executive duties must be observed. In this article, by investigating the «EXPEDIENT supervision» and «supervision for taking in formation»,while considering the quality of the supervision, it is concluded that the superintendence of the Guardian Council is disciplinary so that the Council as an impartial observator by comparing the volunteers identification with the legal conditions anel by sepervising the course of election could guarantee a legal and free election.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit SOCIAL element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a SOCIAL element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and freedom, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on SOCIAL reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and SOCIAL support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.